Implikasi Perjanjian Perdagangan Internasional terhadap Pengaturan Artificial Intelligence (AI) dan Perlindungan Konsumen dalam Transaksi Perdata

Abstract

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) in the realm of international trade presents new dynamics that require adjustments in legal frameworks, particularly concerning consumer protection in civil transactions. This research originates from the tensions arising between the push for trade liberalization through international agreements such as the WTO and CPTPP which promote AI innovation and the need for national regulations to anticipate risks such as algorithmic discrimination and data privacy violations. Through a normative juridical approach, this study reveals how trade agreements tend to limit the regulatory space for AI at the national level in order to avoid trade barriers, which in turn may potentially weaken consumer protection against unfair practices, such as the use of non-transparent AI-based smart contracts. The findings indicate an increase in information asymmetry and consumer vulnerability, while also offering opportunities for global standard alignment. Therefore, it is essential to include consumer protection clauses in international trade agreements as an effort to balance various interests. Furthermore, it is necessary to strengthen national regulations in line with international standards, enhance inter-state cooperation in the field of AI ethics, and develop cross-border oversight mechanisms to ensure fair and secure civil transactions for consumers.